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排序方式: 共有61条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method was developed for the determination of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin in citrus (including the whole citrus, peel and pulp) and soil samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile and purified with octadecylsilane. The detection limits of both compounds were 0.0001–0.0002?mg kg–1, while the limit of quantification of thiamethoxam was 0.002?mg kg–1 and the limit of quantitation of metabolites was 0.001?mg kg–1. The recovery was 70.37%–109.76%, with inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD) (n?=?15) values ≤9.46% for the two compounds in the four matrices. The degradation curve of thiamethoxam in whole citrus and soil was plotted using the first-order kinetic model. The half-life of the whole citrus was 1.9–6.2?days, and the half-life of the soil was 3.9–4.2?days. The terminal residue of thiamethoxam (the sum of thiamethoxam and clothianidin, expressed as thiamethoxam) was found to be concentrated on the peel. The final residual amount of thiamethoxam in the edible portion (pulp) was less than 0.061?mg kg–1. The risk quotient values were all below 1, indicating that thiamethoxam as a citrus insecticide does not pose a health risk to humans at the recommended dosage.  相似文献   
2.
本文从柑桔冻害和热害的危害因子和指标等级划分的研究和选取入手,着重探讨了长江三峡地区(湖北境内)两害显著的时空变化特征、差异与关联性及对柑桔生产的影响;揭示了80年代以来冬暖春热的重大气候变化是使两害向“两极分化”的根本原因;讨论了三峡水利工程对两害时空格局的可能调整及减灾原理;最后提出了可能的对策。  相似文献   
3.
This study aimed to fabricate new and effective material for the efficiency of phosphate adsorption. Two types of adsorbent materials, the zirconium hydroxides embedded in pomegranate peel (Zr/Peel) and zirconium-lanthanum hydroxides embedded in pomegranate peel (Zr–La/Peel) were developed. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were evaluated to give insight into the physicochemical properties of these adsorbents. Zr–La/Peel exceeded the adsorption efficiency of Zr/Peel adsorbents in batch adsorption experiments at the same pH level. The peel as a host can strive to have a strong “shielding effect” to increase the steadiness of the entrenched Zr and La elements. La and Zr are hydroxide metals that emit many hydrogen ions during the hydrolysis reaction, which contribute to protonation and electrostatic attraction. The highest adsorption capacity of La–Zr/Peel for phosphate was calculated to be 40.21 mg/g, and pseudo second-order equation is very well fitted for kinetic adsorption. Phosphate adsorption efficiency was reduced by an increase of pH. With the background of coexisting Cl?, little effect on adsorption efficiency was observed, while adsorption capacities were reduced by almost 20–30% with the coexistence of SO42?, NO3? and humic acid (HA).  相似文献   
4.
废弃线路板的粉碎和所含金属组分的高效解离是后续分选回收的前提条件。本研究分别使用乙二胺等10种溶剂浸泡废弃线路板,比较对线路板中铜箔与基板间剥离强度的影响,从而筛选出4种有代表性的溶剂,即溶剂D、溶剂F、丙酮和水, 比较废弃线路板经化学溶胀后的单体解离度和获得一定粒径分布的颗粒所需的破碎时间。研究结果表明,化学溶胀后破碎能大幅提高金属的单体解离度,浸泡效果的优良排序为:溶剂D>溶剂F>丙酮>水;浸泡时间越长,浸泡温度越高,对剥离强度的降低越有利;使用溶剂D在150℃、3 h或140℃、5 h的工艺下浸泡废弃线路板,可以使铜箔与基板自动脱落。研究结果为后续的分选提供了便利的条件。  相似文献   
5.
红壤坡地水土保持植物措施下柑橘林地水文生态效应   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
根据江西水土保持生态科技园2001~2008年不同处理措施柑橘林地径流小区的降雨产流产沙的定位观测资料及2010年土壤含水量测试数据,分析了坡面尺度水土保持植物措施下柑橘林地的产流产沙及土壤水分的特征,研究了狗牙根带状覆盖、狗牙根全园覆盖、果园清耕3种措施下的蓄水保土效应。结果表明:有草被覆盖的柑橘林小区的产流产沙量明显小于柑橘清耕小区,狗牙根带状覆盖小区减流减沙效果最好,减流率为98.21%,减沙率为99.84%。在大部分土层深度,草被带状覆盖下的土壤水分含量最高,均大于清耕措施,而全园覆盖由于植物蒸腾耗水量大水分含量反而低于带状覆盖。条带植草是防治柑橘林地水土流失的有效措施,具有明显的减流减沙效应和蓄积水分作用  相似文献   
6.
With aim to provide information on chemical contaminants in byproducts in animal feed, the data from an official control by the Danish Plant Directorate during 1998–2009, were reviewed and several samples of citrus pulp and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) were additionally collected for analysis and risk assessment. The levels of contaminants in the samples from the official control were below maximum limits from EU regulations with only a few exceptions in the following groups; dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) in fish-containing byproducts and dioxins in vegetable and animal fat, hydrogen cyanide in linseed, and cadmium in sunflowers. The levels of pesticides and mycotoxins in the additionally collected samples were below maximum limits. Enniatin B (ENN B) was present in all DDGS samples. The hypothetical cases of carry-over of contamination from these byproducts were designed assuming total absorption and accumulation of the ingested contaminant in meat and milk and high exposure (a byproduct formed 15–20% of the feed ration depending on the species). The risk assessment was refined based on literature data on metabolism in relevant animal species. Risk assessment of contaminants in byproducts is generally based on a worst-case approach, as data on carry-over of a contaminant are sparse. This may lead to erroneous estimation of health hazards. The presence of ENN B in all samples of DDGS indicates that potential impact of this emerging mycotoxin on feed and food safety deserves attention. A challenge for the future is to fill up gaps in toxicological databases and improve models for carry-over of contaminants.  相似文献   
7.
We evaluated the in vitro activity of citrus oils against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other non-tuberculous Mycobacterium species. Citrus essential oils were tested against a variety of Mycobacterium species and strains using the BACTEC radiometric growth system. Cold pressed terpeneless Valencia oil (CPT) was further tested using the Wayne model of in vitro latency.

Exposure of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG to 0.025 % cold pressed terpeneless Valencia orange oil (CPT) resulted in a 3-log decrease in viable counts versus corresponding controls. Inhibition of various clinical isolates of the M. avium complex and M. abscessus ranged from 2.5 to 5.2-logs. Some species/strains were completely inhibited in the presence of CPT including one isolate each of the following: the M. avium complex, M. chelonae and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. CPT also inhibited the growth of BCG more than 99 % in an in vitro model of latency which mimics anaerobic dormancy thought to occur in vivo. The activity of CPT against drug-resistant strains of the M. avium complex and M. abscessus suggest that the mechanism of action for CPT is different than that of currently available drugs. Inhibition of latently adapted bacilli offers promise for treatment of latent infections of MTB. These results suggest that the antimycobacterial properties of CPT warrant further study to elucidate the specific mechanism of action and clarify the spectrum of activity.  相似文献   
8.
游璟  倪九派  黄容  张洋  谢德体 《环境科学》2019,40(10):4708-4717
以柑橘/大球盖菇套作模式为研究对象,利用秸秆作为大球盖菇的培养基原料,通过原位试验,连续监测大球盖菇生长期内,不同秸秆还田量(半量、全量和倍量)下土壤CO_2排放规律,并进一步对比栽培大球盖菇(HSM、ASM和DSM)和未栽培大球盖菇(HS、AS和DS)处理下土壤CO_2排放量变化及其影响因素,结合大球盖菇产量及土壤碳排放效率,分析不同秸秆还田量所产生的环境及经济效益,为合理利用柑橘园林下土地提供理论依据.结果表明:①秸秆还田处理的土壤CO_2累积排放量均高于常规种植(CK),随着秸秆还田量的增加呈增加趋势;且栽培大球盖菇处理的土壤CO_2累积排放量大于未栽培大球盖菇,表现为:DSM(52. 09 t·hm-2) ASM(41. 10 t·hm-2) HSM(33. 20 t·hm-2) DS(27. 15 t·hm-2) AS(25. 34t·hm-2) HS(18. 94 t·hm-2) CK(12. 16 t·hm-2);其中,倍量秸秆填埋还田+栽培大球盖菇(DSM)处理的土壤CO_2累积排放量增加最为显著,较CK增加了328. 37%;②对于栽培了大球盖菇的处理,土壤CO_2排放量最大时段均集中在大球盖菇菌丝生长期,其次为出菇后和出菇期;其中DSM处理在菌丝生长期的土壤CO_2累积排放量占其总累积排放量的43. 27%,其次为全量秸秆填埋还田+栽培大球盖菇(ASM,42. 63%)和半量秸秆填埋还田+栽培大球盖菇(HSM,40. 57%);③栽培大球盖菇处理降低了温度敏感系数Q10; 5cm土壤温度能解释27%~71%的土壤CO_2排放速率变化(P 0. 01),而土壤体积含水量单因子对土壤CO_2排放速率不存在显著影响;但双因子拟合发现,5 cm土壤温度和体积含水量可以解释土壤CO_2排放速率变化的36%~82%;④对于栽培了大球盖菇的处理,各处理产量分别为:DSM(49. 7 t·hm-2) ASM(47. 0 t·hm-2) HSM(23. 3 t·hm-2),其中ASM的土壤碳排放效率最高(CEE=1. 14).综上,柑橘/大球盖菇套作模式短期内会显著促进土壤CO_2排放,但同时也提高了柑橘园综合经济效益,其中全量秸秆还田能较好地协调其产生的经济及环境效益.  相似文献   
9.
对西南喀斯特地区2种不同建园方式柑橘园水土流失情况进行连续3a的定位监测,并研究了4种类型柑橘园土壤含水量的年动态变化。结果表明,2种不同建园方式柑橘园的土壤流失量逐年减少,坡地柑橘园的年径流系数大于梯地柑橘园;不同类型柑橘园土壤含水量与土壤层次、建园方式及柑橘园成土母质有关;柑橘园土壤含水量与月降雨量呈正相关,应在不同月份对柑橘园采取不同水分调控措施。  相似文献   
10.
基于响应面优化条件下柚皮对Pb2+的吸附   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
采用Plackett-Burman(P-B)法和中心复合设计(Central Composite Design,简称CCD)对影响柚皮吸附Pb2+的6个条件进行筛选优化.P-B实验设计与统计学分析表明:pH值、Pb2+初始浓度、吸附剂用量是影响吸附率的3个关键因素.以吸附率为响应目标,对3因素进行中心复合设计,并经响应面法优化分析得到影响吸附率的二阶模型,确定了Pb2+吸附实验的最优操作条件:pH值5.4.Pb2+初始浓度为265.86mg·L-1,吸附剂用量为2.56 g·L-1,实测吸附率达到92.47%,吸附量为96.01 mg·g-1;整个吸附过程吸附剂柚皮没有经过任何化学预处理.效果优于一般的天然吸附剂.研究结果表明,柚皮是一种很具潜力的环保型廉价吸附剂.  相似文献   
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